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Peer comparisons combine descriptive and injunctive messages about social norms. In experiments, these comparisons have encouraged pro-environmental behaviors among consumers.

Steph Wear

this directly links sewage pollution and associated dissolved nitrogen to coral reduction through coral-algal competition and this provides optimal rangs to help managers monitor discharge

Presentation and panel discussion during the Week on Water for Development 2020

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This research digest is a synopsis of the study “Seagrass ecosystems reduce exposure to bacterial pathogens of humans, fishes, and invertebrate” published in Science in 2017.

Sewage pollution is an especially pernicious ocean threat, due to the many types of pollutants it contains; the direct and indirect ways it pollutes freshwater, nearshore, coastal, and marine systems throughout a watershed; its global reach; its myriad impacts; and its relative neglect by philanthropic and development aid communities.

Dataset of wetlands in the tropics and sub-tropics, including information about wetlands for water supply and other types.

Agastya Buoyant

Despite the high value of clean beaches, coastal water quality is threatened by stormwater, urban & agricultural runoff, sewage and industrial discharges.

We identified levels of sediment exposure (i.e., concentration and duration) that cause adverse physical, physiological, behavioral, developmental, and ecological responses in coral.

This paper explores the scope of the connectivity problem, identifies potential connection barriers, and discusses policy solutions. A research agenda is proposed in support of evidence-based interventions that have the potential to achieve higher effective sanitation coverage more rapidly and cost-effectively in LAC.

Readers will gain an initial understanding of the challenges associated with nutrient treatment, emerging technologies that could meet these challenges, and specific technologies that represent opportunities for potential partnership or investment.

This study focuses on water quality issues originating from the Tijuana River watershed, which spans the southwest border of the United States and Mexico. Frequent discharge events into the coastal ocean at this boundary include stormwater and wastewater.

Modeled flow of wastewater from OSDS and injection to the coast through algal bioassays. This is an important monitoring tool and a demonstration of why addressing sewage is critical, not only because of direct discharge but groundwater flows impact the ocean as well

Tools and resources to solve sanitation and water management challenges

Comprehensive marine ecosystem assessment including food and water quality for human health, eutrophication and algal blooms, and report development. This considers pollution by sewage as an issue for human and environmental health and impacts of urbanization on coral reefs. This is an example that may be useful for managers and monitoring/assessment in other coastal areas.

Need to consider groundwater as a source of pollution detrimental to reefs. The nutrient inputs from sewage in groundwater impacted coral skeletal density but not bioerosion with increase N-15 in tissues. Managers need to look at density and consider groundwater, which is a critical reason to engage the WASH sector!

This points to direct impact of sewage discharge on reefs through corresponding nutrient loading and eutrophication, even arguing that this is more critical than ocean warming for coral decline. The report also points to the resilience of reefs and the effective restoration after 20 years of improved wastewater treatment, motivating managers to mitigate sewage pollution to promote reef health.

Considering ground water quality as a way to manage reef resilience

The North and South beaches at Seattle's Discovery Park are reopen after a sewage spill investigation. The beaches reopened Monday afternoon after three days of water quality testing. Three Kitsap County beaches also reopened Monday after millions of gallons of untreated sewage poured into Puget Sound last week.

Contamination impacts health by introducing pathogens into seafood

Historical data in coral skeletal delta N-15 shows long term contamination by sewage effluent and is useful for evaluating nutrients in coral ecosystems

The integrated evaluation of stable isotopes, sterols, and metals provided a consistent diagnostic about sewage influence on studied reefs. This provides a variety of bioindicators for managers to use to monitor sewage pollution.

Explore resources in the Water Quality Hub to better understand the vital connections between water quality and ocean health, promising solutions at hand, and opportunities for active engagement.

This document describes the work of the Rich Earth Institute (Rich Earth) in detail, primarily to support those seeking to move this work forward in their own regions. We cover the process of starting up a community-scale urine diversion program (UD program) and key elements of its operation.

By joining forces, marine conservationists and human health practitioners can increase the amount and efficiency of both intellectual and financial resources they bring to bear against sewage.

We find underexplored potential, particularly relating to the contribution resource recovery could make to regional ecosystems in countries across the globe. Such integrative work is needed to advance knowledge of sanitation–ecosystem linkages and stimulate policy efforts to enhance sustainable development and resource cycles.

The authors find that when rivers become very heavily polluted, regions downstream see reductions in economic growth, losing between 0.8 and 2.0 percent of economic growth. These losses imply that in many places, the costs of environmental degradation are severely under-estimated and well above efficient levels.

This guide describes the source-to-sea approach and its contribution to addressing key  challenges for sustainable development. It takes practitioners through a six-step process for implementing the source-to-sea approach in projects and programmes.

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This review highlights the application and efficiency of tertiary treatment technologies on the elimination of ARGs, s, based on an understanding of their occurrence and fate in WWTPs.

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Decision support tool to identify priority areas for addressing sewage pollution to reduce reef exposure. Useful for managers

Direct link between sewage pollution and coral health calling for improved water quality management to reduce nutrient loading.

Non-point source fecal pollution shown to influence water quality and coral reef colonies through statistical analysis of septic tank draining. This supports the idea of sewage pollution as a hazard to marine ecosystems AND as transmittable through groundwater

Interactive tools and info to learn about water quality problems and solutions in Hawaii

The Water Pathogen Knowledge to Practice (Water-K2P) project will support water and sanitation safety planners in using an evidence-based approach for managing health outcomes by improving access to scientific data on the efficacy of sanitation technologies and the occurrence and persistence of pathogens in human excreta and sewage.

Need for interdisciplinary work to identify land-based pollution (nutrients in groundwater) and involve community in management/remediation.

Need for coastal development and wastewater regulation to protect reef ecosystems, not only MPAs.

Degraded reefs where sewage pollution occurs provides support for the need to address this and isotope technique for monitoring

This paper elaborates the backgrounds, connotations, and actions of the toilet revolution in China. The toilet revolution aims to create sanitation infrastructure and public services that work for everyone and that turn waste into value.

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Direct acknowledgement of sewage threat to coral reefs. Tool to identify pollution hotspots along the coast using three sewage indicators and dye tracers. Important tool for managers! (can this eventually become quantitative to estimate magnitude of pollution??)

Consideration of how sewage pollution may diffuse from shorelines to reefs, furthering detrimental effects.

comparison of multiple sewage indicators for monitoring

There is a need for septic to sewer conversion in Florida to prohibit bloom-forming microalgae.

importance of sedimentary sterols as indicators of fecal contamination which threatens hydroid assemblage. Monitoring tool and further connection of the detrimental risk sewage poses on corals and reef systems

Sponge abundance increases in response to sewage pollution and blocks coral photosynthesis and growth, causing ecosystem damage. This is an important study for indirect impacts of sewage pollution on corals and a tool for managers to use in evaluating pollution impacts by monitoring sponge biodiversity and community growth

Example of sanitation interventions in coastal and otherwise difficult areas!

Untreated sewage from densely inhabited coast lines cause more pollution and threats to corals and bacterial communities.

locally produced and affordable indicator testing for FIB allows regular monitoring

Macroalgae as a monitoring tool for river-basin water quality monitoring in the reef flats of France

destruction of corals by sewage pollution and their difficulty with recovery as motivation to stop sewage pollution

Promotion of constructed wetlands and decentralized treatment strategies in urban areas to improve on outdated large scale treatment systems.

Ocean acidification effects are magnified by eutrophication from land-based pollution and threaten coral ecosystems. Sewage-sourced nitrogen was identified as a source of nutrient loading. This shows sewage pollution mitigation critical to combat ocean acidification and corresponding negative impacts.

The nutrients in human waste are drifting into our oceans and landfills instead of back into soils. But there are much better uses for human poo than flushing it down the drain.

mapping FIB flows into coastal environment with predictive models based on weather patterns

Decline and recovery in reef health due to sewage pollution mitigation as a motivator for more mitigation and improved treatment. Link to human health and coral communities!

The Action Platform for Source-to-Sea Management (S2S Platform) is a multi-stakeholder initiative to exchange and generate knowledge, and support joint action for improved management of land, water, coastal and marine linkages.

The book presents in a clear and didactic way the main concepts, working principles, expected performance, design criteria, design examples, construction aspects and operational guidelines. The book has been written by an international team of top experts in the field of treatment wetlands.

Sewage stress may drive pronounced benthic shifts, highlighting the urgency to improve waste management. SOC and cyanobacteria were used to detect sewage pollution, a good tool for managers.